Factors affecting appropriateness of hospital use in Massachusetts.

To determine the extent of inappropriate hospital use, and to investigate factors related to variations in appropriateness, 8,031 hospital records of patients discharged from 41 hospitals in 3 Massachusetts professional standards review organization (PSRO) areas were reviewed in 1973 and 1978. The Appropriateness Evaluation Protocol (AEP) was used for the reviews and logistic regression analysis was used to analyze factors associated with inappropriate use. Based on the results, the authors conclude that utilization review should focus on: longer stays among surgical patients and shorter stays among medical patients; (projected) last third of the stay; and on diagnoses or diagnosis-related groups in which there is less clinical consensus on treatment method. For maximum effectiveness, utilization review must include incentives beyond simple monitoring (e.g., financial incentives).