Laura P. Sands,1 Huiping Xu,2 Joseph Thomas III,1, 3 Sudeshna Paul,4 Bruce A. Craig,1 ,Marc Rosenman2 ,Caroline C. Doebbeling,5 Michael Weiner,2, 6, 7, 8
1Purdue University
2Indiana University School of Medicine
3Regenstrief Center for Healthcare Engineering
4Harvard Medical School
5MDwise Hoosier, Indianapolis
6Indiana University Center for Health Services and Outcomes Research
7Regenstrief Institute, Inc.
8Health Services Research and Development Service
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the volume of Home- and Community-Based Services (HCBS) that target Activities of Daily Living disabilities, such as attendant care, homemaking services, and home-delivered meals, increases recipients’ risk of transitioning from long-term care provided through HCBS to long-term care provided in a nursing home.
Data Sources: Data are from the Indiana Medicaid enrollment, claims, and Insite databases. Insite is the software system that was developed for collecting and reporting data for In-Home Service Programs.
Study Design: Enrollees in Indiana Medicaid’s Aged and Disabled Waiver program were followed forward from time of enrollment to assess the association between the volume of attendant care, homemaking services, home-delivered meals, and related covariates, and the risk for nursing-home placement. An extension of the Cox proportional hazard model was computed to determine the cumulative hazard of nursing-home placement in the presence of death as a competing risk.
Principal Findings: Of the 1354 Medicaid HCBS recipients followed in this study, 17% did not receive any attendant care, homemaking services, or home-delivered meals. Among recipients who survived through 24 months after enrollment, one in five transitioned from HCBS to a nursing-home. Risk for nursing-home placement was significantly lower for each five-hour increment in personal care (HR=0.95, 95% CI=0.92-0.98) and homemaking services (HR=0.87, 95% CI=0.77–0.99).
Conclusions: Future policies and practices that are focused on optimizing long-term care outcomes should consider that a greater volume of HCBS for an individual is associated with reduced risk of nursing-home placement.
Keywords: Medicaid, Home and Community Based Care, Aged and Disabled, Waivers, Nursing Home
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5600/mmrr.002.03.a03
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